There are various ways available in JavaScript to check if a key or property is present in an object or not. We will discuss five different ways to do that.

Using the “in” operator

The in operator returns true if the specified property is present in the specified object or in its prototype chain, otherwise, it returns false.

const app = { name: 'Instagram', type: 'Social Media' };

console.log('name' in app); // true

console.log('release_date' in app); // false

Using the Reflect.has() method

Reflect is a built-in object that provides some utility methods for JavaScript operations. The has() method of this object returns true if the specified property is present in the specified object or in its prototype chain, otherwise, it returns false. Syntax is:

Reflect.has(target, propertyKey);

Let’s use it in one example.

const app = { name: 'Instagram', type: 'Social Media' };

console.log(Reflect.has(app, 'name')); // true

console.log(Reflect.has(app, 'release_date')); // false

Using the hasOwnProperty() method

This method is present in the object prototype. So any object which is not created with Object.create(null), has access to this method. This method returns true if the specified property is present in the object (not inherited), otherwise, it returns false.

const app = { name: 'Instagram', type: 'Social Media' };	

console.log(app.hasOwnProperty('type')); // true

console.log(app.hasOwnProperty('founder_name')); // false

By accessing the property and comparing it with “undefined”

If we access any property that doesn’t exist on the object, it returns undefined. This way, we can access the property and compare its value with undefined to know whether it exists or not.

const app = { name: 'Instagram', type: 'Social Media' };

console.log(app['name'] === undefined); // false

console.log(app['founder_name'] === undefined); // true

// or simply use an if block without comparing to undefined
if (app['founder_name']) {
    // do your work
}

We can’t determine the existence of a property with this approach when a property exists in the object and has a value of undefined.

const auth = { token: undefined };

console.log(auth['token'] === undefined); // true

console.log(auth['timestamp'] === undefined); // true

The Object.hasOwn() method (ES2022 update)

This method returns true if the specified property is present in the object (not inherited), otherwise, it returns false.

const app = { name: 'Instagram', type: 'Social Media' };	

console.log(Object.hasOwn(app, 'type')); // true

console.log(Object.hasOwn(app, 'founder_name')); // false

Apart from the hasOwnProperty() and hasOwn() method, the other three ways work fine in the case of inherited properties. Let’s see one example of that.

function square(side) {
    this.side = side;
}

square.prototype.getArea = function () {
    return Math.pow(this.side, 2);
}

const sq = new square(5);
console.log(sq); // { side: 5 };
console.log(sq.getArea()); // 25
/*
 Here "side" will be part of own object whereas
 "getArea" will be inherited through prototype chain.
*/

// checking with 'in'
console.log('side' in sq); // true
console.log('getArea' in sq); // true

// checking with 'Reflect.has()'
console.log(Reflect.has(sq, 'side')); // true
console.log(Reflect.has(sq, 'getArea')); // true

// checking with 'hasOwnProperty()'
console.log(sq.hasOwnProperty('side')); // true
console.log(sq.hasOwnProperty('getArea')); // false

// comparing with 'undefined'
console.log(sq['side'] !== undefined); // true
console.log(sq['getArea'] !== undefined); // true

// checking with 'hasOwn()'
console.log(Object.hasOwn(sq, 'side')); // true
console.log(Object.hasOwn(sq, 'getArea')); // false

Conclusion

The first two approaches (in operator and Reflect.has() method) is more prominent while the other three come with some limitations.

• As the name suggests, the hasOwnProperty() and hasOwn() methods work only for the object’s own properties and not for inherited properties.
• The hasOwnProperty() method is not available for objects created with Object.create(null).
• Comparing with undefined approach works fine unless the specified property exists but has undefined as value.

See Next

• JavaScript Object.is() method to check equality of two values
• Difference between Object.freeze(), Object.seal() and Object.preventExtensions()
• The Object.defineProperty() method in JavaScript

Amitav Mishra

Web Developer by Profession, Blogger by Passion.
JavaScript | React | Next |  Angular | Vue | HTML | CSS